Political geography of india

India is a country located in South Asia and is the seventh-largest country in the world by land area. India’s political geography can be divided into several regions, each with its unique political, social, and cultural characteristics.

1. Northern Mountains: This region comprises the Himalayan ranges and includes the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and parts of northern Uttar Pradesh. This region is known for its mountainous terrain and is home to several important rivers like the Ganges and Indus. The region is also significant as it shares borders with Pakistan and China, making it a strategically important region from a national security perspective.
2. Indo-Gangetic Plain: This region is located in the northern part of India and is an extensive plain that stretches from the Himalayas to the Deccan Plateau. This region includes the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. The region is known for its fertile land and is home to several important rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra. This region is politically significant as it is the heartland of India and is home to the national capital, New Delhi.
3. Deccan Plateau: This region is located in the southern part of India and includes the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh. The region is characterized by its high elevation and rolling hills. The region is also known for its rich cultural heritage and is home to several important historical sites like the Ajanta and Ellora caves.
4. Western Ghats: This region is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India and includes the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The region is known for its diverse flora and fauna and is home to several important wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
5. North-Eastern Region: This region comprises the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. The region is characterized by its hilly terrain and is home to several important rivers like the Brahmaputra and Barak. The region is also known for its rich cultural diversity and is home to several ethnic groups.

In terms of political organization, India is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own elected government. The central government is located in New Delhi and is responsible for foreign policy, defense, and other matters that affect the entire country.

1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Arunachal Pradesh
3. Assam
4. Bihar
5. Chhattisgarh
6. Goa
7. Gujarat
8. Haryana
9. Himachal Pradesh
10. Jharkhand
11. Karnataka
12. Kerala
13. Madhya Pradesh
14. Maharashtra
15. Manipur
16. Meghalaya
17. Mizoram
18. Nagaland
19. Odisha
20. Punjab
21. Rajasthan
22. Sikkim
23. Tamil Nadu
24. Telangana
25. Tripura
26. Uttar Pradesh
27. Uttarakhand
28. West Bengal

Union Territories:

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2. Chandigarh
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
4. Lakshadweep
5. Delhi
6. Puducherry
7. Jammu and Kashmir
8. Ladakh

Note: The Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu was merged into a single union territory on 26th January 2020

S.NO	State	Establishment dates	Capital	CM	Governor
1	Andhra Pradesh	1 October 1953	Andhra Pradesh	YS Jagan Mohan Reddy	Biswa Bhusan Harichandan
2	Arunachal Pradesh	20 February 1987	Itanagar	Pema Khandu	B. D. Mishra
3	Assam	26 January 1950	Dispur	Himanta Biswa Sarma	Jagdish Mukhi
4	Bihar	26 January 1950	Patna	Nitish Kumar	Phagu Chauhan
5	Chhattisgarh	1 November 2000	Raipur	Bhupesh Baghel	Sushri Anusuiya Uikey
6	Goa	30 May 1987	Panaji	Pramod Sawant	P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
7	Gujarat	1 May 1960	Gandhinagar	Bhupendra Patel	Acharya Dev Vrat
8	Haryana	1 November 1966	Chandigarh	Manohar Lal Khattar	Bandaru Dattatraya
9	Himachal Pradesh	25 January 1971	Shimla	Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu	Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
10	Jharkhand	15 November 2000	Ranchi	Hemant Soren	Ramesh Bais
11	Karnataka	1 November 1956	Bengaluru	Basavaraj Bommai	Thaawarchand Gehlot
12	Kerala	1 November 1956	Thiruvananthapuram	Pinarayi Vijayan	Arif Mohammed Khan
13	Madhya Pradesh	1 November 1956	Bhopal	Shivraj Singh Chouhan	Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
14	Maharashtra	1 May 1960	Mumbai	Eknath Shinde	Bhagat Singh Koshyari
15	Manipur	21 January 1972	Imphal	N. Biren Singh	La. Ganesan
16	Meghalaya	21 January 1972	Shillong	Conrad Kongkal Sangma	Brig. (Dr.) B. D. Mishra
17	Mizoram	20 February 1987	Aizawl	Pu Zoramthanga	Kambhampati Haribabu
18	Nagaland	1 December 1963	Kohima	Neiphiu Rio	Jagdish Mukhi
19	Odisha	1 April 1936	Bhubaneswar	Naveen Patnaik	Ganeshi Lal
20	Punjab	1 November 1966	Chandigarh	Bhagwant Singh Mann	Banwarilal Purohit
21	Rajasthan	30 March 1949	Jaipur	Ashok Gehlot	Kalraj Mishra
22	Sikkim	16 May 1975	Gangtok	PS Golay	Ganga Prasad
23	Tamil Nadu	26 January 1950	Chennai	M. K. Stalin	R. N. Ravi
24	Telangana	2 June 2014	Hyderabad	K Chandrasekhar Rao	Tamilisai Soundararajan
25	Tripura	21 January 1972	Agartala	Dr. Manik Saha	Satyadeo Narain Arya
26	Uttar Pradesh	26 January 1950	Lucknow	Yogi Aditya Nath	Anandiben Patel
27	Uttarakhand	9 November 2000	Dehradun	Pushkar Singh Dhami	Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh
28	West Bengal	1 November 1956	Kolkata	Mamata Banerjee	Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Complete list of 8 Union Territories:

 

S.NO	Union Territories	Capital	CM	Lt. Governor
1	Andaman and  Nicobar Island	Port Blair	NA	D K Josh
2	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	NA	Banwarilal Purohi
3	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Daman and Diu  Daman	NA	Praful Patel
4	Delhi	Delhi	Arvind Kejrwal	Vinai Kumar Saxena
5	Ladakh	NA	NA	Radha Krishna Mathu
6	Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	NA	Praful Patel
7	Jammu and Kashmir	NA	NA	Manoj Sinha
8	Puducherry	Pondicherry	N. Rangaswamy	Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajana