Political geography of india

India is a country located in South Asia and is the seventh-largest country in the world by land area. India’s political geography can be divided into several regions, each with its unique political, social, and cultural characteristics.

  1. Northern Mountains: This region comprises the Himalayan ranges and includes the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and parts of northern Uttar Pradesh. This region is known for its mountainous terrain and is home to several important rivers like the Ganges and Indus. The region is also significant as it shares borders with Pakistan and China, making it a strategically important region from a national security perspective.
  2. Indo-Gangetic Plain: This region is located in the northern part of India and is an extensive plain that stretches from the Himalayas to the Deccan Plateau. This region includes the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. The region is known for its fertile land and is home to several important rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra. This region is politically significant as it is the heartland of India and is home to the national capital, New Delhi.
  3. Deccan Plateau: This region is located in the southern part of India and includes the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh. The region is characterized by its high elevation and rolling hills. The region is also known for its rich cultural heritage and is home to several important historical sites like the Ajanta and Ellora caves.
  4. Western Ghats: This region is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India and includes the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The region is known for its diverse flora and fauna and is home to several important wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
  5. North-Eastern Region: This region comprises the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. The region is characterized by its hilly terrain and is home to several important rivers like the Brahmaputra and Barak. The region is also known for its rich cultural diversity and is home to several ethnic groups.

In terms of political organization, India is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own elected government. The central government is located in New Delhi and is responsible for foreign policy, defense, and other matters that affect the entire country.

  1. Andhra Pradesh
  2. Arunachal Pradesh
  3. Assam
  4. Bihar
  5. Chhattisgarh
  6. Goa
  7. Gujarat
  8. Haryana
  9. Himachal Pradesh
  10. Jharkhand
  11. Karnataka
  12. Kerala
  13. Madhya Pradesh
  14. Maharashtra
  15. Manipur
  16. Meghalaya
  17. Mizoram
  18. Nagaland
  19. Odisha
  20. Punjab
  21. Rajasthan
  22. Sikkim
  23. Tamil Nadu
  24. Telangana
  25. Tripura
  26. Uttar Pradesh
  27. Uttarakhand
  28. West Bengal

Union Territories:

  1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  2. Chandigarh
  3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
  4. Lakshadweep
  5. Delhi
  6. Puducherry
  7. Jammu and Kashmir
  8. Ladakh

Note: The Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu was merged into a single union territory on 26th January 2020

S.NO

State

Establishment dates

Capital  

CM

Governor

1

Andhra Pradesh

1 October 1953

Andhra Pradesh

YS Jagan Mohan Reddy

Biswa Bhusan Harichandan

2

Arunachal Pradesh

20 February 1987

Itanagar               

Pema Khandu               

B. D. Mishra

3

Assam

26 January 1950

Dispur                   

Himanta Biswa Sarma

Jagdish Mukhi

4

Bihar     

 

26 January 1950

Patna    

Nitish Kumar               

Phagu Chauhan

 

5

Chhattisgarh        

1 November 2000

Raipur   

Bhupesh Baghel               

Sushri Anusuiya Uikey

6

Goa       

30 May 1987

Panaji

Pramod Sawant               

P.S. Sreedharan Pillai

7

Gujarat 

1 May 1960

Gandhinagar       

Bhupendra Patel               

Acharya Dev Vrat

8

Haryana               

 1 November 1966

 

Chandigarh                          

Manohar Lal Khattar 

Bandaru Dattatraya

9

Himachal Pradesh           

25 January 1971

Shimla

Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu               

Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar

 

 

10

Jharkhand                            

 15 November 2000

Ranchi  

Hemant Soren               

 

Ramesh Bais

11

Karnataka                

1 November 1956

Bengaluru            

Basavaraj Bommai               

Thaawarchand Gehlot

12

Kerala   

 1 November 1956

Thiruvananthapuram 

Pinarayi Vijayan    

Arif Mohammed Khan

 

13

Madhya Pradesh

1 November 1956

Bhopal

Shivraj Singh Chouhan

Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel

14

Maharashtra                       

1 May 1960

Mumbai               

Eknath Shinde               

 

Bhagat Singh Koshyari

15

Manipur                                                               

21 January 1972

Imphal

N. Biren Singh     

La. Ganesan

 

16

Meghalaya          

 21 January 1972

Shillong 

Conrad Kongkal Sangma

Brig. (Dr.) B. D. Mishra

 

17

Mizoram              

20 February 1987

Aizawl   

Pu Zoramthanga               

Kambhampati Haribabu

18

Nagaland             

1 December 1963

Kohima

Neiphiu Rio               

Jagdish Mukhi

 

19

Odisha  

 1 April 1936

Bhubaneswar      

Naveen Patnaik               

Ganeshi Lal

 

20

Punjab  

1 November 1966

Chandigarh          

Bhagwant Singh Mann    

Banwarilal Purohit

21

Rajasthan                                            

30 March 1949

Jaipur    

Ashok Gehlot               

Kalraj Mishra

 

22

Sikkim  

16 May 1975

Gangtok               

PS Golay               

Ganga Prasad

23

Tamil Nadu      

26 January 1950

Chennai

M. K. Stalin               

R. N. Ravi

24

Telangana            

2 June 2014

Hyderabad          

K Chandrasekhar Rao       

Tamilisai Soundararajan

25

Tripura

21 January 1972

Agartala               

Dr. Manik Saha               

Satyadeo Narain Arya

26

Uttar Pradesh      

26 January 1950

Lucknow

Yogi Aditya Nath      

Anandiben Patel

27

Uttarakhand        

9 November 2000

Dehradun 

Pushkar Singh Dhami

Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh

28

West Bengal 

1 November 1956

Kolkata

Mamata Banerjee 

Dr. C.V. Ananda Bose

Complete list of 8 Union Territories:

 

S.NO Union Territories           Capital    CM    Lt. Governor
1 Andaman and  Nicobar Island                    Port Blair NA    D K Josh
2 Chandigarh                      Chandigarh NA    Banwarilal Purohi
3 Dadra and Nagar Haveli           Daman and Diu  Daman NA    Praful Patel
4 Delhi                                                                Delhi  Arvind Kejrwal  Vinai Kumar Saxena
5 Ladakh                             NA    NA  Radha Krishna Mathu
6 Lakshadweep                   Kavaratti    NA      Praful Patel
7  Jammu and Kashmir         NA     NA        Manoj Sinha
8 Puducherry                                                                                               Pondicherry  N. Rangaswamy        Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajana